Home   For Health Professionals and Educators   Probiotics and Prebiotics As Ingredients in Functional Foods

References

Abrams S., Griffin I., Hawthorne K., Liang L., Gunn S., Darlington G., Ellis K. 2005.“A combination of prebiotic short- and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents.“ Am J Clin Nut, 82:471-476

Anon. 2005. 27th Session of Chemical Codex on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses Bonn, Germany 21-25 Nov 2005 Document CL 2005/53 - FSDU Dec
2005

Aubertin A. 2001. “Not all bacteria are bad: Probiotics promise help to G.I. tract, immunity.” Environmental Nutrition, 24(11):1,6.

Ballongue, J., Schumann, C., Quignon, P.  1997. “Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic micro flora and enzymatic activity Scandinavian.” Journal of Gastroenterology, 32 (s222):41-44.

Bertelsen H., Andersen H., Tvede M. 2001. “Fermentation of D-tagatose by human intestinal bacteria and dairy lactic acid bacteria.” Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 13:87-95.

Blanc, P., Daures, J.P., Rouillon, J.M., Peray, P, Pierrugues, R., Larrey, D., Gremy, F., Michel, H. 1992. “Lactitol or lactulose in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a meta-analysis.” Hepatology (Baltimore), 15: 222-228.

Boehm G., Lidestri M., Casetta P., Jelinek J.,  Negretti F., Stahl B., Marini A. 2002. "Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of fecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants.” Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 86; F178-F181L.

Bomba A., Nemčová R., Gancarčíková S., Herich R., Guba P., Mudroňová D.  2002. “Improvement of the probiotic effect of micro-organisms by their combination with maltodextrins, fructo-oligosaccharides and polyunstaturated fatty acids.”  BJN, 88 Suppl. 1: S95 – S99.

Bosscher D., Van Loo J., Franck A. 2005. “The role of inulin and oligofructose in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.” Int. Nutrition Conference September 2005, South-Africa.

Bouhnik Y., Raksine L., Simeneau G., Vicaut E., Neut C., Flourié B, Brouns F., Bornet F. 2004. “The capacity of nondigestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized; placebo-controlled, parallel-group; dose-response relation study.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 80: 1658 – 1664.

Buddington K., Donahoo J., Buddington R., 2002. “Dietary oligofructose and Inulin Protect Mice from Enteric and Systemic Pathogens and Tumor Inducers.” J. Nutr., 132,  pp. 472-477.

Cani P., Dewever C., Delzenne N.; 2004. “Inulin-type fructans modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in appetite regulation (glucagons-like peptide-1 and ghrelin) in rats.” BJN: 92: 521-526.

Cani P., Joly E., Delzenne N. 2005. “Oligofructose promotes satiety in Healthy human: a pilot study.” In press.

Clydesdale F. 2004. “Functional Foods: Opportunities & Challenges.” Food Technology 58(12):35-40.

Cummings J., Christie S., Cole T. 2001. “A study of fructo oligosaccharides in the prevention of travelers’ diarrhea.” Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 15, pp. 1139-1145.

Den Hond E., Geypens B., Ghoos Y. 2000. “Effect of high performance chicory inulin on constipation.” Nutrition Research, 20, pp. 731-736.

Daubioul C., Rousseau N., Demeure R., Gallez B., Taper H., Declerck B, Delzenne N. 2002. “Dietary fructans, but not cellulose, decrease triglyceride accumulation in the liver of obese zucker fa/fa rats.” J. Nutr. 967 – 973.

Endo K., Kumemura M., Nakamura K., Fujisawa T., Suzuki K., BennoY., Mitsuoka T.  1991. “Effect of high cholesterol diet and polydextrose supplementation on the microflora, bacterial enzyme activity, putrefactive products, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and pH of the feces in health volunteers.” Bifidobacteria Microflora 10:53-64.

Felix, Y.F., Hudson, M.J., Owen, R.W., et al. 1990. “Effect of dietary lactitol on the composition and the metabolic activity of the intestinal micro flora in the pig and in humans.” Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 3: 259-267.

Femia A., Luceri C., Dolara P., Giannini A., Biggeri A., Salvadori M., Clune Y., Collins K., Paglierani M., Caderni G. 2002. “Antitumorigenic activity of the prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.” Carcinogenesis, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 1953-1960.

Fiordaliso M., Kok N., Desager J.P., Goethals F., Deboyser D., Roberfroid M., Delzenne N.  1995. “Dietary oligofructose lowers triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum and very low density lipoproteins in rats.” Lipids, 30:163 – 167.

Flicklinger E.A., Wolf B.W., Garleb K.A., Chow J., Leyer G.J., Johns P.W., Fahey G.C. 2000. “Glucose-based oligosaccharides exhibit different in vitro fermentation patterns and affect in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility and microbial population in dogs.” Journal of Nutrition 130(5):1267-1273.

Flood, MT, Auerbach, MH and Craig, SAS. 2004. A review of the clinical toleration studies of polydextrose in food. Food and Chemical Toxicology 42, 1531-1542

Furrie, E.  Macfarlane, S.  Kennedy, A.  Cummings, J.H.  Walsh, S.V.  O'Neil, D.A.  Macfarlane, G.T.  2005. Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial. Gut, 54:242-249.

Gibson G. Roberfroid M.B. 1995, “Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota:  Introducing the concept of prebiotics.” Journal of  Nutrition 125:1401-1412.

Gibson G. Wang X.. 1994. “Bifidogenic properties of different types of fructo-oligosaccharides.” Food Microbiology, 11:491 – 498.

Gibson G., Beatty E., Wang X., Cummings J. 1995. “Selective Stimulation of Bifidobacteria in the Human Colon by Oligofructose and Inulin.” Gastroenterology, 108, pp. 975-982.

Gibson G.R,.  Probert H.M.,  Van Loo J., Rastall R.A., Roberfroid M.B.  2004. “Dietary modulation of the colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics.”  Nutrition Research Reviews, 17, pp. 259-275.

Griffin I., Davila P., Abrams S.  2002. “Non-digestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes.” BJN; 87:S187-S191.

Griffin I., Hicks P., Heaney R., Abrams S.  2003. “Enriched chicory inulin increases calcium absorption mainly in girls with lower calcium absorption.” Nutrition Research, 23:901-909.

Guo, P. 2001. “The essential microflora for total well being.” Dietitian’s Edge 40-7.

Hara, H; Suzuki, T and Aoyama, Y. 2000. Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and  total-gastrectomized rats. B J Nutr, 84, 655-661 

Ishizuka, S; Nagai, T and Hara, H. 2003. Reduction of aberrant crypt foci by
ingestion of polydextrose in the rat colorectum. Nutrition Research 23, 117-122

Jackson K., Taylor G., Closhessy A., Williams C. 1999. “The effect of daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women.”  BJN, 82:23 -30.

Kitler, M.E., Luginbühl, M., Lang, O., Wuhl, F., Wyss, a., Lebek, L. 1992. “Lactitol and lactulose. An in vivo and in vitro comparison of their effects on the human intestinal flora.” Drug Invest., 4(1):73-82.

Kleessen B., Sykura B., Zunft H., Blaut M. 1997. “Effects of inulin and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons.”  Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 65:1397-1402.

Klinder A., Förster A., Caderni G., Femia A.P., Pool-Zobel B.L. 2004a. “Fecal water genotoxicity is predictive of tumor-preventive activities by inulin-like oligofructoses, probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis), and their synbiotic combination.” Nutrition and Cancer, 49(2):144 – 155.

Klinder A., Gietl E., Hughes R., Jonkers N., Karlsson P., McGlyn H., Pistoli S., Tuohy K., Rafter J., Rowland I.R., Van Loo J., Pool-Zobel B.L. 2004b. “Gut fermentation products of inulin-derived prebiotics beneficially modulate markers of tumour progression in human colon tumour cells.” Int. J. Cancer Prevention, 1:19-32.

Knol J., Scholtens P., Kafka C., Steenbakkers J., Gross S., Helm K., Klarczyk M., Schöpfer H., Böckler H-M., Wells J. 2005. “Colon microflora in infants fed formula with galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides: more like breast-fed infants.” Journal of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 40:36-42

Kontula, P., Suihko, M.L., Von Wright, A., and T. Mattila-Sandholm, T. 1999. “The effect of lactose derivatives on intestinal lactic acid bacteria.” Journal of Dairy Science, 82:249-256.

Langlands S., Hopkins M., Coleman N., Cummings J. 2004. “Prebiotic carbohydrates modify the mucosa associated microflora of the human large bowel.”  Gut, 53:1610-1616.

Lebek G., Luginbühl M. 1989. “Effects of lactitol and lactulose on human intestinal flora.” In: H.O. Conn, J. Bircher, eds. Hepatic Encephalopathy:  Management with lactulose and related carbohydrates. Medi-Ed Press, Michigan: 271-314.

Letexier D., Diraison F., Beylot M. 2003. “Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 77:559-564.

Lewis S. Burmeister S. Brazier J. 2005. Effect of the Prebiotic Oligofructose on Relapse of Clostridium difficile-Associated diarrhea: A Randomized, Controlled Study.” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 3:442-448.

Lindsay J.O., Whelan K., Stagg A.J., Gobin P., Omar Al-Hassi H., Rayment N., Kamm M.A., Knight S.C., Forbes A. 2005. “The clinical, microbial and immunological effects of fructo-oligosaccharides in patients with Crohn’s disease.” Gut online, September 2005.

Mäkivuokko, H, Nurmi, J, Nurminen, P, Stowell, J and Rautonen, N. 2005. In Vitro Effects on  Polydextrose by Colonic Bacteria and Caco-2 Cell Cyclooxygenase Gene Expression. Nutrition and Cancer 52(1), 94-104

Menne E., Guggenbuhl N., Roberfroid M. 2000. “Fn-type Chicory Inulin Hydrolysate Has a Prebiotic Effect in Humans.” J. Nutr., 130:1197-1199.

Moro G., Minoli I.,, Mosca M., Fanaro S., Jelinek J., Stahl B., Boehm G.  2002. "Dosage-Related Bifidogenic Effects of Galacto- and Fructooligosaccharides in Formula-Fed Term Infants.” J. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 34:291-295.

Ohkuma K., Wakabayashi S.  Fibersol-2: a Soluble, Non-digestible, Starch-derived Dietary Fibre in Advanced Dietary Fibre Technology, B.V. McCleary & L. Prosky (eds), Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, 2001, pp 509-523.

Patent JP 11-113484; 1999; “Method of improvement of survival of Bifidus bacteria.”

Peuranen, S; Tiihonen, K; Apajalahti, J; Kettunen, A; Saarinen, M and Rautonen, N
(2004) Combination of polydextrose and lactitol affects microbial ecosystem and
 immune responses in rat gastrointestinal tract. B J Nutr 91, 905-914

Probert, HM; Apajalahti, JHA; Rautonen, N; Stowell, J and Gibson, G. 2004.
Polydextrose, Lactitol and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Fermentation by Colonic
Bacteria in a Three-Stage Continuous Culture System. Applied & Env Micro 70,
No 8, 4505-4511

Rao V., 2001. “The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels.”  Nutrition Research, 21, pp. 843-848.

Ravelli, G.P., Whyte, A., Spencer, R., Hotten, P., Harbron, C., Keenan, R.  1995. “Effect of lactitol intake upon stool parameters and the faecal bacterial flora in chronically constipated women.” ActaChemo, 2: 243-255.

Roberfroid M.B., Van Loo J., Gibson G.R. 1998. “The bifidogenic nature of chicory inulin and its hydrolysis products.” J. Nutr., 128:11 -19.

Roller M., Rechkemmer G., Watzl B. 2004a. “Prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis modulates intestinal immune functions in rats.”  J. Nutr., 134: 153 – 156.

Roller M., Femia A.P., Caderni G., Rechkemmer G., Watzl B. 2004b. “Intestinal immunity of rats with colon cancer is modulated by oligofructose-enriched inulin combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis.” BJN, 92:931-938.

Scevola, D., Bottari, G., Franchini, A., Guanziroli, A., Faggi, A., Monzillo, V., Pervesi L., Oberto, L.1993b. “The role of Lactitol in the regulation of the intestinal micro flora in liver disease.” Giornale di Malattie Infettive e Parassitarie, 45(7-8):906-918.

Scevola, D., Bottari, G., Oberto, L., Monzillo, V., Pervesi L., Marone, P. 1993a. “Intestinal bacterial toxins and alcohol liver damage: effect of lactitol, a synthetic disaccharide.”  La Clinica Dietologica, 20:297-314.

Schmelzle H., Wirth S., Skopnik H., Radke M., Knol J., Böckler H.M., Brönstrup A., Wells J., Fusch C.  2003. “Randomized double-blind study of the nutritional efficacy and bifidogenicity of a new infant formula containing partially hydrolyzed protein, a high b-palmitic acid level, and nondigestible oligosaccharides.” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 36:343 – 351.

Schrezenmeir J., de Vrese M.  2001. “Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73(supple):361S-4S.

Shah NP.  2001. “Functional foods from probiotics and prebiotics.” Food Technology 55(11):46-53.

Sloan AE. 2004. “Top 10 Functional Food Trends 2004”; Food Technology 58(4):28-51.

Taper H., Delzenne N., Roberfroid M.  1997. “Growth inhibition of transplantable mouse tumors by non digestible carbohydrates.” Int. J. Cancer, 71:1109-1112

Taper H., Lemort C., Roberfroid M. 1998. “Inhibition effect of Dietary inulin and oligofructose on the growth of transplantable mouse tumor.” Anticancer Research, 18: 4123-4126.

Taper H., Roberfroid M. 1999. “Influence of inulin and oligofructose on breast cancer and tumor growth.” J. Nutr., 129:1488S – 1491S.

Tiihonen, K; Suomalainen, T; Tynkkynen, S and Rautonen, N : Effect of a
probiotic bacteria mixture with polydextrose or galacto-oligosaccharide
supplementation on intestinal microbiota and immune responses. Comparison  
between a rat model and clinical trials. In press.

Tuohy K., Kolida S., Lustenberger A.M., Gibson G. 2001a. “The prebiotic effects of biscuits containing partially hydrolysed guar gum and fructo-oligosaccharides – a human volunteer study.” BJN, 86:341-348.

Touhy K., Finlay R., Wynne A., Gibson G.  2001b. “A Human Volunteer Study on the Prebiotic Effects of HP-Inulin – Faecal Bacteria Enumerated Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH).” Anaerobe, 7:113-118.

van den Heuvel E., Muys T., van Dokkum W., Schaafsma G. 1999. “Oligofructose stimulates calcium absorption in adolescents.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69:544-548.

Van Loo J. 2004. “The specificity of the interaction with intestinal bacterial fermentation by prebiotics determines their physiological efficacy.”  Nutrition Research Reviews, 17: 89 – 98.

Van Loo J., Bosscher D., Caderni G., Collins J.K., Pool-Zobel B., Rowland I., Watzl J.  2005. “Consumption of chicory fructans and probiotics reduces cancer risk biomarkers in colon cancer and polypectomized human subjects.” Poster, AARC Frontiers in cancer prevention, Chicago.

Waligora A.J., Campeotto F., Nicolis I., Bonet A., Dupont C.,  Butel, AJ. “Effects of oligofructose supplementation in infants 6 to 24 months of age on gut microflora and well-being: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.  Submitted for publication.

Wang X., Gibson G.; 1993; “Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine.”  Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 75:373-380.

Yuki, N., Watanabe, K., Mike, A., Tagami, Y., Tanaka, R., Ohwaki, M., Morotomi, M.  1999. “Survival of a probiotic, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, in the gastrointestinal tract: Selective isolation from faeces and identification using monoclonal antibodies.” International Journal of Food Microbiology, 48:51-57.

Zhong J., Luo B., Xiang M., Lui H., Zhai Z., Wang T., Craig SAS. 2002. “Studies on the effects of polydextrose on physiological function in Chinese people.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72:1503-9

Copyright © 2007 Calorie Control Council

Permission to reprint information in whole or in part contained on this site is granted, provided customary credit is given.